Conditional Statements in JavaScript

There is a famous computer science theorem, the "Boehm-Jacopini Structured Programming Theorem," which holds that all programs can be generated using only three programming constructs:

1. A sequence - which is just one statement after another.
   
2. A branch - such as an if statement.
   
3. A loop - such as a while or for loop.
   

A sequence is easy to understand, as one statement ...