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In this video, learn how to create a schema for MongoDB using Mongoose. You'll learn how to create a document schema with keys and additional properties to control the type of data Mongoose will store in MongoDB.
Resources
Mongoose Schemas Mongoose Methods
User model code for user.js:
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
email: {
type: String,
required: true,
trim: true,
unique: true,
},
name: {
type: String,
required: true,
trim: true,
},
favoriteBook: {
type: String,
required: true,
trim: true
},
password: {
type: String,
required: true
}
});
var User = mongoose.model('User', UserSchema);
module.exports = User;
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To add data from the registration
form to Mongo DB,
0:00
we'll need to tell
Mongoose about that data.
0:04
To do that we create what's
called a model or schema,
0:06
which gives Mongoose information about
the document we want to store in Mongo.
0:09
Remember, Mongo is a document database,
so each user record we
0:14
add to the database is called a document,
and is stored as a JSON like object.
0:17
A model describes what that document
should contain including the names we'll
0:23
use to identify each piece of information
like name, e-mail or password, and
0:27
the type of information we want to
store like a string, number or date.
0:32
Let's look at the registration form.
0:36
There are five fields for name,
email address, favorite book, one for
0:38
the password, and a second one
to confirm that user's password.
0:42
For each user we want to store four pieces
of information in Mongo, the name, email,
0:46
favorite book, and password.
0:51
That's basically the schema
we need to create.
0:52
I'll open the project in my text editor
and add a folder to store the model in.
0:56
I'll call it models.
1:01
At this point we're only
interested in a single schema,
1:03
to capture the user
registration information.
1:06
But as this app is built out,
you could add more schemas for
1:09
storing information about books,
forum discussions and so on.
1:12
I'll create a file in here named user.js.
1:16
To start, I need to require
Mongoose at the top of the file.
1:22
This loads the module and
stores it in a variable named mongoose.
1:27
To create a schema, we must create
a new mongoose schema object.
1:31
I'll store it in a variable
named user schema.
1:38
You pass an object to the schema method.
1:41
The object is composed of keys and values.
1:44
The key is the name for the data, in
other words, the name of the form field.
1:47
The value is the type of data
you want to store in it.
1:50
For example,
this code defines a simple schema
1:52
composed of one piece of data named email,
which contains a string.
1:55
Mongoose and Mongo have other data types,
like number, date, as well.
2:00
Notice that the s in
String is capitalized.
2:05
We could write the same code for
our other form fields.
2:08
Name, password etc.
2:11
However, this isn't quite good enough for
our app.
2:12
When the user signs up with our site, we
want to make sure we get all of the data.
2:15
Name, email, password and favorite book.
2:19
None of that data is optional.
2:21
Fortunately, Mongoose lets you make
any number of fields required.
2:23
So that if the user tries to
add a record without that info,
2:27
Mongoose refuses to create a new document
and sends back an error message.
2:30
To add more requirements to your data,
you must assign another object to the key,
2:34
with metadata in it.
2:39
For example, I'll replace string
here with another object.
2:40
This object has a few keys, type, unique,
2:44
required, and trim.
2:48
Type is the type of data, a string.
2:54
The unique attribute
ensures that the provided
2:57
email address does not already
exist in the database.
2:59
We wanna make sure that no two users can
create an account with the same email
3:02
address because the email
address identifies
3:06
a unique user when
logging into the website.
3:09
I've also added the required attribute,
and set that to true as well.
3:12
So that Mongo D.B.
enforces the presence of the email field.
3:16
Also for text fields that the user types
into, we can add a trim attribute and
3:21
set it to true.
3:26
Trim removes any whitespace before or
3:28
after the text that might have been
typed into the form accidentally.
3:30
I'll add similar information for
the other fields.
3:34
One for the name field,
which is also a string.
3:38
It's also required, and
we'll also trim it.
3:40
One for the favorite book.
3:44
It's a string.
3:46
It's required, and we'll trim it, as well.
3:48
You don't need to type all of this
yourself if you don't want to.
3:52
You'll find the code listed
in the teacher's notes.
3:54
And finally, I'll add the password.
3:57
Again, it's a string and it's certainly
required, but I'm not going to use trim
4:01
here because maybe the user will
add a space at the beginning or
4:06
end to make their
password harder to crack.
4:09
Finally, to use the schema in our
application, we need to export it.
4:12
Here, I'm creating a new
variable called User and
4:22
I'm using Mongoose's model method.
4:26
And this creates our schema.
4:30
Now to use this model, we'll need to
tell our application about it, and
4:33
we need to export it here.
4:36
So in the next video,
we'll hook all of the parts together so
4:38
that the app can add data
to our Mongo database.
4:41
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