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Getting Started with PHP Unit Testing

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Refactor

2:18 with Alena Holligan

Refactoring restructures the code, without changing its behavior.

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Multiple Iterations of the Same Code

Option 1: List of elseif statements

if (in_array($firstThreeLetters, $this->trigraphs)) {
    $newWord = substr($word, 3);
    $newWord .= $firstThreeLetters . 'ay';
} elseif (in_array($firstTwoLetters, $this->digraphs)) {
    $newWord = substr($word, 2);
    $newWord .= $firstTwoLetters . 'ay';
} else {
    $newWord = substr($word, 1);
    $newWord .= $firstLetter . 'ay';
}
return $newWord;

Option 2: Early Return

if (in_array($firstThreeLetters, $this->trigraphs)) {
    return substr($word, 3) . $firstThreeLetters . 'ay';
}
if (in_array($firstTwoLetters, $this->digraphs)) {
    return substr($word, 2)  . $firstTwoLetters . 'ay';
}

return substr($word, 1) . $firstLetter . 'ay';

Option 3: Switch Statement

switch (true) {
    case in_array($firstLetter, $this->vowels):
        $newWord = $word . 'ay';
        break;
    case in_array($firstThreeLetters, $this->trigraphs):
        $newWord = substr($word, 3);
        $newWord .= $firstThreeLetters . 'ay';
        break;
    case in_array($firstTwoLetters, $this->digraphs):
        $newWord = substr($word, 2);
        $newWord .= $firstTwoLetters . 'ay';
        break;
    default:
        $newWord = substr($word, 1);
        $newWord .= $firstLetter . 'ay';
}
return $newWord;

Option 3b: Switch Statement Early Return

switch (true) {
    case in_array($firstLetter, $this->vowels):
        $newWord = $word . 'ay';
        return $newWord;
    case in_array($firstThreeLetters, $this->trigraphs):
        $newWord = substr($word, 3);
        $newWord .= $firstThreeLetters . 'ay';
        return $newWord;
    case in_array($firstTwoLetters, $this->digraphs):
        $newWord = substr($word, 2);
        $newWord .= $firstTwoLetters . 'ay';
        return $newWord;
    default:
        $newWord = substr($word, 1);
        $newWord .= $firstLetter . 'ay';
        return $newWord;
}

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    We have a few more features to add to our pig Latin converter tool. 0:00
    But first, I want to do some refactoring. 0:05
    Refactoring restructures the code without changing its behavior. 0:08
    I don't like having this long list of else if statements, so I want to change that. 0:13
    I could use a switch statement, but I like having early returns in my methods. 0:19
    As soon as a condition is met, I want to return the results. 0:24
    At the end of our first conditional block, we can return $newWord. 0:28
    Now instead of an else if, I can make this second conditional a separate conditional. 0:36
    And return $newWord. 0:45
    Now I can remove this else entirely. 0:49
    If I make it past the first two checks, just perform these actions and 0:58
    return the $newWord. 1:02
    This should not change the behavior of our code. 1:04
    So our test should still pass, let's give it a try. 1:07
    Sure enough, our test still passed. 1:13
    Refactoring is a very handy way to keep your code updated 1:15
    as we learn better ways to do things. 1:19
    By having test for functionality, we can be confident that a refactor of one 1:22
    section of code will not break the rest of the application that's using that code. 1:27
    I could refactor this further and change these three lines into a single line. 1:32
    We could return the substring plus the first three letters, and ay. 1:39
    Return the substring, The first two letters and 1:51
    ay, And return substring. 1:59
    The first letter and ay. 2:06
    And run our test again. 2:14
    Great, everything still passes. 2:16

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